HVAC systems - heating, ventilation and air conditioning

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC systems provide optimal conditions for machinery, equipment and employees in industrial facilities.

Components of the HVAC sanitary engineering industry:

• Heating: Systems that provide heat, such as boilers or underfloor heating.
• Ventilation: Systems responsible for air exchange, removal of pollutants and supply of fresh air.
• Air conditioning: They control temperature and humidity to ensure comfort.

What are HVAC systems and what is their role in industry?

HVAC (sanitary installations) are integrated solutions that monitor and regulate environmental conditions in real time. In this era of striving for energy saving and green solutions, HVAC technology is becoming increasingly advanced, combining efficiency with economy.

Condensing Boilers – Temperature, Pressure, and Flow

Condensing boilers utilize fossil fuels such as gas or oil for heat production. The fuel is burned in the boiler's chamber, generating thermal energy and exhaust gases. This heat is transferred to water flowing through pipes. Thanks to preheating the water in a heat exchanger using the exhaust gases' heat, these boilers achieve high efficiency.

Precise measurements are crucial in condensing boilers. The domestic water must be maintained within a strict temperature range of 55-60°C. Our screw-in or plug-in resistance temperature sensors are suitable for this application. However, our offerings are not limited to temperature measurement – we provide a complete measurement system for condensing boilers, covering all necessary parameters from pressure to humidity. Precise measurements of these values not only enable optimal system operation but also early detection of potential problems. The result is increased device longevity and reduced risk of costly failures.

Among the JUMO products dedicated to this segment, it is worth mentioning:

• JUMO STB/STW: A temperature limiter and monitor ensuring safe boiler operation.
• JUMO heatTHERM: A panel-mounted thermostat for precise temperature control.
• JUMO miroTRON: A thermostat/controller with a PID regulator function, allowing condensing boilers to adapt to rapidly changing conditions.
• Resistance temperature sensors: Temperature probes that enable accurate water temperature measurements in the system.

Pressure Transducers, Thermostats, and Flowmeters for Solid Fuel Boilers

Solid fuel boilers, utilizing materials such as firewood, convert them into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the heating water. A key aspect of their operation is monitoring the exhaust gas temperature, especially when they are used in conjunction with a condensing boiler in a bivalent mode. With exhaust gas temperature monitors like the JUMO STM-RW-2, it is possible to precisely track the temperature in the solid fuel boiler’s exhaust pipe. When it reaches 80°C, the system automatically shuts down the condensing boiler, ensuring safe and optimal operation.

Heating with solid fuels inevitably results in high temperatures generated by the flames. In such an environment, the reliable and continuous operation of all safety systems is particularly important. At JUMO, we always keep our finger on the pulse of technology that ensures the safety of boiler rooms.

Some of our products dedicated to solid fuel boilers include:

• JUMO heatTHERM: A panel-mounted thermostat for precise control of the temperature inside the boiler.
• Differential pressure monitor for monitoring the flow of air and gases in the system.
• JUMO MIDAS S05/S06: OEM pressure transducer for monitoring pressure in different parts of the system.
• JUMO flowTRANS US: Ultrasonic flowmeters for monitoring the flow of liquids.
• Multi-range and differential pressure transmitter for non-aggressive gases.

Temperature and Pressure Measurement in Pellet Boilers

Pellet boilers are an ecological and efficient alternative to traditional heating systems. Using a renewable energy source in the form of wood pellets, these boilers provide clean and sustainable heating. In larger pellet heating systems, wood pellets are delivered to the boiler via a conveyor or suction device. The combustion is initiated electrically. The released thermal energy heats water, while the exhaust gases pass through a heat exchanger, transferring their heat before being expelled through the chimney. Precise measuring and control technology is essential for optimal performance and safety of pellet boilers.

Temperature visualization: As the thermal output of the pellet boiler increases, constant monitoring of temperatures becomes crucial. Thanks to the JUMO diraVIEW series of digital indicators, users can check the current process temperature at any time. Set minimum and maximum values allow for reliable process control, and the change of color in the alarm text further facilitates monitoring.

Key JUMO products for pellet boilers:

• JUMO MIDAS S05: OEM pressure transducer for monitoring pressure in the system.
• JUMO heatTHERM: Panel-mounted thermostat for precise temperature control.
• JUMO miroTRON: Electronic thermostat with an optional two-state PID controller function.
• Thermocouples

Combined Heat and Power Plants – Monitoring Pressure and Temperature in the Internal Combustion Engine Cooling System

Combined heat and power (CHP) plants represent the cogeneration concept, which involves simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energy in a single process. This solution is much more energy-efficient compared to traditional methods of energy production. In CHP plants, the primary energy source is usually an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine that drives an electric generator. The heat generated during this process, instead of being wasted, is recovered and used to heat water or other thermal media.

JUMO technology plays a key role in optimizing and ensuring the safe operation of CHP plants. Advanced JUMO measuring devices monitor key parameters such as temperature and pressure in various parts of the system. This is especially important in the cooling system of the internal combustion engine of a CHP plant, where the right pressure and oil temperature are essential to prevent damage, such as bearing failures. Thermostats, like those offered by JUMO, not only track critical temperature values but can also automatically shut down the system in emergency situations.

Key JUMO products for CHP plants include:

• JUMO MIDAS S05: OEM pressure transducer,
• JUMO heatTHERM: Panel-mounted thermostat for monitoring and controlling temperature.
• JUMO variTRON: PLC controller for comprehensive management of the CHP plant's operation.
• JUMO LOGOSCREEN 601: Electronic recorder with a touch screen, enabling visualization and archiving of process data.
• JUMO VIBROtemp: Vibration-resistant temperature probes.

Industrial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

Air conditioners and heat pumps operate on a similar principle, utilizing thermodynamic processes to transfer heat from one place to another. In simple terms, both devices use a refrigerant that circulates in a closed loop and undergoes a cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation.

In air conditioners, heat is extracted from the interior of a space and expelled outside, thereby cooling the air inside the building. Heat pumps, on the other hand, can operate in both directions - cooling spaces in the summer and heating them in the winter, by reversing the flow direction of the refrigerant.

Protection of the External Unit of the Air Conditioner Against Frost

External units of air conditioners are susceptible to frost, which can lead to equipment damage. The JUMO frostTHERM-AT is an advanced thermostat that detects subtle signs of freezing. Thanks to a specially designed capillary line that covers the external unit, it can detect "frost paths" as short as 30 cm. When it detects that the temperature is approaching the freezing point, the thermostat activates appropriate mechanisms - this could be turning on the heating system or completely shutting down the installation. Such action minimizes the risk of condensation and damage caused by low temperatures.

JUMO products dedicated to air conditioning and ventilation technology include:

• JUMO MIDAS S05: OEM pressure transducer for monitoring the refrigerant pressure in the system.
• JUMO heatTHERM: Panel-mounted thermostat for precise temperature control.
• JUMO frostTHERM-AT/-DR/-ATE: Frost protection thermostats that protect equipment from frost damage.
• JUMO hydroTRANS: Humidity and temperature transducers that assist in monitoring air quality in the HVAC system.
• JUMO miroTRON: Electronic thermostat with an optional two-state PID controller function, ensuring precise process control.

About the author

My name is Ewelina Szmit and I have been working in the field of content marketing for several years, combining my professional skills with my passion for writing. I believe that even the most technical topics can be presented in a way that is interesting and accessible to everyone. Outside of work, I develop my creativity by making newspaper collages. I like to spend my free time most actively, walking my dog or running.

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